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ou, as in our; th, as in thin; THI, as in this; N, nearly like ng. 10° 31′ E. Pop. estimated at 22,000. (B.)—Adj. and inhab. LUCCHESE, luk-keze/.

LU-CE-NA (Sp. pron. loo-thà/-nå), a t. of Spain, in Andalusia. Lat. 37° 28′ N., Lon. 4° 28′ W. Pop. said to be 19,716. (M.)

LUCERA, loo-chà'-rå, (Anc. Luce/ria,) a t. of Naples, in the prov. of Capitanata. Lat. 41° 29′ N., Lon. 15° 16′ E. Pop. 8,000. (B.) LU-CERNE (Fr. pron. lü`-sêrn'; Ger. Luzern, loot-seRn'); a canton in the N. central part of Switzerland. Area estimated at 657 sq. m. Pop. in 1836, 123,407. (P. C.)

LUCERNE, the cap. of the above, is situated at the W. extremity of the L. of Lucerne, on both sides of the Reuss, which forms its outlet. The town is surrounded by old walls, flanked with towers. Lucerne contains a lyceum, a gymnasium, and numerous other institutions. One of the most remarkable things at this place is the topographic map, in relief, constructed by Gen. Pfyffer. This extraordinary work is 22 ft. long and 13 wide, and represents an extent of 180 sq. leagues, of which the L. of Lucerne forms the centre. The materials are pasteboard, wax, and resin. Gen. Pfyffer is said to have spent more than 10 years in making this topographical model. In the vicinity of Lucerne is the monument erected in 1821 to the memory of the Swiss Guards who died in defence of the Tuileries against the mob of Paris, on the 10th of August, 1792. It is the image of a wounded and dying lion of colossal size, sculptured in the side of a rock. Lat. 47° 3′ N., Lon. 8° 18' E. Pop. 8,150. (P. C.)

Lucerne, Lake of (Ger. Waldstätter See, wålt/-stet-ter så), situated nearly in the centre of Switzerland, is one of the most picturesque pieces of water in Europe. It is nearly cruciform, with an addition to its E. end, called the. L. of Uri. Its entire length is about 25 m., but the breadth of any of its arms is seldom more than 2 or 3 m. The surface is 1,380 ft. above the level of the sea. The greatest depth is stated to be near 900 ft.

LUCIA lu/-she-a, ST., one of the British W. India Islands, intersected by the 14th parallel of N. Lat., and the 61st meridian of W. Lon. It is above 30 m. in length, and about 17 in its greatest breadth, and contains an area of about 350 sq. m. Pop. in 1836, 16,116. (P. C.)

LUCK`-NOW', a large t. of Hindostan, since 1775 the cap. of Oude, is situated on the Goomty r. It consists of three distinct portions: the ancient, and much the largest part of the city is badly built, with dirty and narrow streets; another quarter, which contains the residences of the king and of the royal family, is comparatively new, and the houses are constructed and furnished after the English fashion; the remaining portion of the town is built in the oriental style, and has many fine houses and religious edifices. Lat. 26° 51′ N., Lon. 80° 50′ E. Pop. estimated at above 300,000. (B.)

LUD/-Lów, a t. of England, in Shropshire, 24 m. S. of Shrewsbury, and 126 m. W. S. W. of London. Pop. 5,064.

LUDWIGSBURG, lood/-wigs-burg' or lood/-WiGs-bŏŏRG`, a handsome t of Germany, in Würtemberg, the cap. of the circle of the Neckar, with

Fate, far, fall, fât; mẻ, mét; pine or pine, pin ; nổ, nôt ; ož as in good ; a lyceum, an arsenal, and a military school. Lat. 48° 53′ N., Lon. 9° 13 E. Pop., exclusive of the military, estimated at 7,000. (B.)

Ludwigslust, lood'-WiGs-lõõst', or LUDWIGSBURG, a small t. of Germany, in the grand-duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, about 18 m. S. of Schwerin: it is the ordinary residence of the grand-duke. Pop. about 4,000. (B.)

LUGANO, loo-gå/-no, one of the principal towns of the Swiss canton of Tessin, situated on a lake of the same name. Lat. 45° 59′ N., Lon. 8° 57′ E. Pop. near 4,000. (B.)

LUGANO, LAKE OF (Anc. Cere/sius), is situated partly in the canton of Tessin and partly in Austrian Italy. Its form is very irregular; the whole length is perhaps about 20 m.; the breadth varies from a half or three-quarters of a mile to about 2 m.

LUGO, loo-go, (Anc. Lu/cus Augus/ti,) a t. of Spain, in Galicia, on the Minho, with warm mineral springs. Its walls were built by the ancient Romans. Lat. 43° N., Lon. 7° 35′ W. Pop. 12,000. (B.)

LUMP/-KIN, a co. in the N. part of Ga., on the Etowah r. Pop. 8,954. Co. t. Dahlonega.

LUND, loond, a t. of Sweden, in the prov. of Skåne, with a celebrated university, established in 1668, and containing a library of near 40,000 vols.; the number of students in 1830 was 632; the celebrated Puffendorf was appointed professor of law in this institution in 1670; Linneus was for some time a pupil here. Lat. 55° 42′ N., Lon. 13° 13′ E. Pop. 4,120. (M.)

LÜNEBURG, lu/-neh-burg`, or lü'-nẹh-bŏŏRG`, a t. of Germany, in Hanover, the cap. of a prov. of the same name, on the Ilmenau (ill-mẹn-ou), with very productive salt works, an active commerce, and above 12,000 inhabitants. (B.) Lat. 53° 15′ N., Lon. 10° 24′ E.

LUNEL, lü'-nel', a t. in the S. of France, dep. of Hérault, 14 m. E. N.E. of Montpellier, famous for its wine. By the canal of Lunel, it communicates with the Rhone, the Mediterranean, and with the Southern Canal (Canal du Midi). Pop. 6,021. (M.)

LU/-NEN-BURG`, a co. in the S. E. part of Va., on the Meherrin r., near its source. Pop. 11,692. Co. t. Lewistown.

LUNÉVILLE, lu'-ne-vill`, or lü`-nëv`-ill', a t. of France, in the dep. of Meurthe, 16 m. S. E. of Nancy. The treaty of Lunéville, between France and Austria, was signed here in 1801. Lat. 48° 37' N., Lon. 6° 29′ E. Pop. 12,661. (M.)

LUSATIA, lu-så/-she-a, (Ger. Lausitz, lou/-zits; Fr. Lusace, lü`-zâss';) a former margraviate of Germany, between 50° 50′ and 52° 16′ N. Lat., and 13° 20′ and 15° 15′ E. Lon.; bounded on the N. by Brandenberg, E. by Silesia, S. by Bohemia, and W. by Saxony. Area, 4,336 sq. m. It is now divided into Upper and Lower Lusatia. The whole of the latter portion, and the half of the former, belong to Prussia; the remainder, forming the circle of Upper Lusatia, is possessed by Saxory. (P. C.)

LÜTZEN, lut-sen or lüt'-sen, a little t. of Prussian Saxony, 12 m. W. S. W. of Leipsic, remarkable as the scene of two great battles: the

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this: N, nearly like ng. first in 1632, between the Swedes, under Gustavus Adolphus, and the Imperialists, under Wallenstein, in which the former were victorious, though their king was slain; the other in 1813, between the army of Napoleon and the allies, encouraged by the presence of the emperor Alexander and the king of Prussia, in which the French gained a dearly-bought victory.

LUX/-EM-BURG (Fr. Luxembourg, lüx`-ảm`-booR/), a prov. or grandduchy forming the S. E. extremity of the Netherlands, partitioned by the treaty of April, 1839, between Holland and Belgium; the E. portion, with an area of about 1,000 sq. m., and a pop. of 160,000, being assigned to the former, and the remainder, with an area of 1,700 sq. m., and a pop. of 168,000, to the latter kingdom. The title of the grandduke of Luxemburg, with the right of suffrage in the Germanic confederation, is enjoyed by the king of Holland.

LUXEMBURG, a city of the Netherlands, the cap. of the grand-duchy of this name, and one of the strongest fortresses in Europe, situated about 116 m. S. E. of Brussels. It is surrounded by strong walls and deep ditches, with a double line of outworks, in the form of a heptagon. As a fortress, Luxemburg belongs to the Germanic confederation, and is occupied by their troops. Lat. 49° 38′ N., Lon. 6° 10′ E. Pop. about 11,000. (B.)

Luxeuil, lüx`-ui', (Anc. Luxo/vium,) a t. of France, in the dep. of Upper Saône, remarkable for its warm mineral springs, which were resorted to by the Romans. Lat. 47° 50′ N., Lon. 6° 22′ E. Pop. 3,628. (M.)

LUZERN. See LUCERNE.

LU-ZERNE', a co. in the N. E. part of Pa., intersected by the E. branch of the Susquehanna. Pop. 56,072. Co. t. Wilkes-bar-re.

Luzon, loo-zones, or Luçon (Sp. pron. loo-thone/), the largest of the Philippine Islands, situated between 12° 20' and 19° N. Lat., and 119° 30′ and 124° 30′ E. Lon. Its form is very irregular. The whole length, following the bend of island, is about 580 m.; the greatest breadth is about 150 m. Area estimated at 50,000 sq. m. The pop. is stated at 2,264,807. (M.) According to Balbi, the part of Luzon which is under the government of the Spaniards is divided into 16 provinces. Manilla or Manila (må-nee/-lå), situated at the head of a considerable bay in the S. W. part of the island, is the cap. of Luzon, as well as of all the Spanish possessions in the Philippine Islands. This town is regularly laid out, and some portions of it are said to be exceedingly well built, clean, and handsome, with broad and well-paved streets. Balbi estimates its pop. at near 140,000. That portion of Luzon which is not subject to the Spaniards, is inhabited by independent savages. (See PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.)

LYCOMING, li-kom/-ing, a co. in the N. part of Pa., intersected by the W. branch of the Susquehanna. Pop. 26,257. Co. t. Williamsport. LYME-REGIS, lime rel-jis, a seaport t. of England, in Dorsetshire, somewhat frequented in summer as a watering-place. Lat. 50° 43′ N., Lon. 2° 55′ W. Pop. 2,756.

Fate, far, fall, fât; mẻ, mét; pine or pine, pin; nỏ, nôt; oo as in good ;

LYM'-FI-ORD' or lüm`-fe-ord', a remarkable arm of the sea, extending from the Cattegat, in about 57° N. Lat., westward to the German Ocean. Previously to 1825 it was separated from the ocean by a narrow strip of land, a mile or so in breadth, over which the sea occasionally broke; but the communication is now permanent. Its whole length is perhaps 100 m.; the breadth varies from 1 m. or less to about 15 m. The Lymfiord is shallow and of difficult navigation. (P. C.) LYM/-ING-TON, a seaport t. of England, in Hampshire, about 80 m. W. S. W. of London. Lat. 50° 41′ N., Lon. 1° 32′ W. Pop. of the parish, 3,813.

LYNCH-BURG, a flourishing t. of Va., the cap. of Campbell co., on James r., about 90 m., in a direct line, W. by S. of Richmond. Lat. 37° 36′ N., Lon. 79° 22′ W. Pop. 8,071.

LYNN, a flourishing and pleasant t. of Mass., in Essex co., on the seacoast, about 9 m., in a straight line, N. E. of Boston, chiefly remarkable for its extensive manufacture of shoes. It stands on the Eastern Railroad, which connects Boston with Portsmouth, in New Hampshire. Lat. 42° 28′ N., Lon. 70° 57′ W. Pop. of the township, 14,257.

LYNN-REGIS (re/-jis), a seaport t. of England, in the co. of Norfolk, on the Ouse, near its mouth. Lat. 52° 46' N., Lon. 0° 24' E. Pop. of the borough, which includes an area of about 4 sq. m., 16,039.

LYONNAIS, le`-on`-nà', or LYONAIS, a former prov. of France, deriving its name from its cap., the city of Lyons; now divided into the deps. of Rhone and Loire.

Lyons (Fr. Lyon, le'on'; Anc. Lugdu/num); the second city of France, as regards population, wealth, and commerce, is situated on the Rhone, at its junction with the Saône, 275 m. E. N. E. of Bordeaux, and 245 m. S. S. E. of Paris. Much the greater part of the town is built on the tongue of land between the Saône and the Rhone, which is about 3 m. in length, with an average breadth of about 3 furlongs; some extensive and important quarters, however, are situated on the W. or right bank of the Saône. South of the city is a new and handsome suburb, on a tract of land gained by altering the bed of the Rhone, called, from the architect who planned it, the Presqu' ile Perrache (presk eel pêr'-råsh'), or the " peninsula Perrache." Lyons is the seat of a Roman Catholic archbishopric, and a Protestant consistory; it also possesses a great number of institutions for the advancement of literature and science, among which we may name the Académie Universitaire, the National College, the Academy of Science, Belles-lettres, and Arts, and the Public Library, containing 92,000 vols., besides nearly 1,000 manuscripts. Lyons is the largest manufacturing town in France; indeed, as regards the manufacture of silk, it is unequalled in Europe. The greater part of the silk produced in France is worked in the looms of this city, besides a large quantity imported from Italy. Lat. 45° 46′ N., Lon. 4° 50′ E. Pop. in 1846, 159,783. Adj. and inhab. LYONAIS, le`-o`-nà'; feminine, LYONAISE, le`-o-naze'. Lys, leece, (Dutch pron. lice,) a small r. which rises in France, in the dep. of Pas-de-Calais, and, flowing north-easterly into Belgium, joins the Scheldt at Ghent.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. MAASLUYS, máá/-slois, or MAASLANDSLUYS, måås/-lånt-slois`, a t. of Holland, on an arm of the Maas or Meuse, about 10 m. W. by N. of Rotterdam. Lat. 51° 55′ N., Lon. 4° 10′ E. Pop. near 5,000. (B.) MAASTRICHT. See MAESTRICHT.

MACAO, må-cả/-o, or ma-koul, a seaport t. and Portuguese settlement in China, on an i. of the same name, forming a part of the Chinese prov. of Quang-tong. This town is remarkable as having been the centre of European trade in the E., during the time that the Portuguese had the sway in those seas; and may be regarded as the cradle of that extensive commerce which is now concentrated at Canton. Lat. 22° 13' N., Lon. 113° 35′ E. Pop. about 30,000. (B.)

MAC'-CLES-FIELD', a manufacturing t. of England, in Cheshire, 16 m. S. by E. of Manchester. It is regarded as the centre of the silk manufacture in England: to this branch of industry it is chiefly indebted for its prosperity, which, however, has received some severe checks within the last few years. Pop. 24,137.

MCCRACK-EN, a co. in the W. part of Ky., bordering on the Ohio r. Pop. 6,067. Co. t. Paduca.

McDỌN-OUGH, a co. in the W. part of Ill., midway between the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. Pop. 7,616. Co. t. Macomb.

McDow/-ELL, a co. in the WV. part of N. C., on the sources of the Catawba. Pop. 6,246.

MACERATA, må-cha-rå/-tå, a city of Italy, in the Papal state, cap. of a prov. of the same name, 21 m. S. by W. of Ancona. It is a neat, wellbuilt town, and has a university, with a library of 20,000 vols., a college, and other literary institutions. Lat. 43° 19′ N., Lon. 13° 26′ E. Pop. 15,000. (P. C.)

MCHENRY, a co. near the N. E. extremity of Ill., bordering on Wisconsin. Pop. 14,979. Co. t. McHenry.

MACHIAS, match-il-as, a small t. and port of entry of Maine, cap. of Washington co., on a bay of the same name. Lat. 44° 38′ N., Lon. 67° 25' W.

MACK-IN-AW', formerly MICHILIMACKINAC, mish`-il-e-mack'-in-aw`, a strait which connects L. Huron with L. Michigan. In the narrowest part, it is from 2 m. to 4 m. wide.

MACKINAW OF MICHILIMACKINAC, a co. of Mich., N. of and bordering on L. Michigan. Pop. 923.

MACKINAW, a port of entry, cap. of the above co., situated on the S. E. extremity of an island of the same name. Lat. about 45° 55′ N., Lon. 84° 40′ W.

Mc'-In-тosh', a co. in the S. E. part of Ga., bordering on the Altamaha and the sea. Pop. 6,028. Co. t. Darien.

MAC-KEN/-ZIE'S RIVER, a large r. of N. America, which originates in the Great Slave Lake, and, flowing north-westerly, empties itself into the Arctic Ocean, in about 69° N. Lat., and 135° W. Lon. Its length is estimated at 1,600 m.

MCLEAN, mac-lane', a co. in the N. E. central part of Ill., a little E. of the Illinois r. Pop. 10,163. Co. t. Bloomington.

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