from personal observation. He visited Charleston, where he met with an honorable and flattering reception from the Assembly of South Carolina.

Nothing gave him greater pleasure than the arrival of a company of Saltzburgers, who designed to settle in his colony. These pilgrims had been banished from their native land in Bavaria, on account of their religious opinions. Oglethorpe had taken a lively interest in their cause before he left England, and had requested the trustees to extend to them the hand of friendship and protection, and offer them an asylum in Georgia. This advice had been followed; and the vessel, which brought the wanderers to America, under the auspices of the trustees, arrived at Charleston on the 7th of March, 1734, whilst Oglethorpe was then preparing to depart for Europe. He delayed his voyage, that he might assist them in selecting a suitable place for a settlement. In company with their leader, the Baron Von Reck, and their two clergymen, Bolzius and Gronau, he returned to Georgia. They chose for their residence a tract of land on the banks of a small stream between the Savannah and the Ogechee rivers. Here the Saltzburgers seated themselves, and called their town Ebenezer. Carpenters from Savannah, by the orders of Oglethorpe, aided them in building their houses.

The affairs of the colony now requiring his presence in England, he embarked in the Aldborough man-of-war, and arrived at the Isle of Wight on the 16th of June, after an absence of a year and seven months. He prevailed on Tomo Chichi, his wife, nephew, and six other Indians, mostly chiefs, to cross the ocean with him, thinking it might be useful to the future interests of the colony for these people to be impressed, from personal observation, with the power and resources of England. Tomo Chichi had views. of his own in making the voyage. He seemed to possess an enlargement of mind, which few Indians, in their wild state, have ever shown. When he was introduced to the King, he said, "I am come in my old days, so I cannot expect to obtain any advantage for myself; but I am come for the good of the Creeks, that they may be informed about the English, and be instructed in your language and religion." The Indians were much caressed. They stayed four months in England, and then embarked for Georgia, apparently delighted with their visit, and leaving a favorable impression behind

them. The Muses were excited by their presence. Chichi was honored with an Ode.

Tomo

Oglethorpe applied himself assiduously to his great work, and procured many salutary regulations to be adopted by the trustees, for the good government and prosperity of his colony. Parliament made a new grant in aid of the funds. The importation of rum, and of every other kind of ardent spirits, was prohibited. The same prohibition was extended to negro slaves. Since slavery was admitted in all the other colonies, and since, at this time, there were by estimation in South Carolina alone forty thousand blacks, and only five thousand white inhabitants, this latter prohibition may seem remarkable. It was not without due reflection and good reasons, however, that the trustees came to this resolution. It was their object in founding the colony, to provide an asylum for the poor, to whom lands were given, the charges of whose emigration were paid, and whom it was important, for their own success and happiness, to train to habits of industry. This end would be defeated, if the labor of slaves were allowed. Moreover, the cost of slaves would be more than the funds of the trustees could bear. Again, in a situation so near the Spanish frontiers, the slaves would be enticed away as they had been from South Carolina; and in no case could they be relied on for military defence. The danger of insurrection had already been felt in Carolina. It is fair to presume, likewise, that motives of humanity may have operated to some extent upon the trustees, although the reasons assigned were those of policy. Other reasons, publicly urged, might have raised up an opposition to their scheme, since the slave-trade was largely carried on in England, and the merchants engaged in that trade had always possessed a sufficient weight of influence to defeat every attempt to curtail their traffic. Laws were passed in the colonies, on more occasions than one, prohibiting the introduction of slaves, which laws were annulled by the British government, because they encroached upon the privileges of the African merchants.

Whilst Oglethorpe was in England, a valuable accession was made to his colony. One hundred and thirty Highlanders, from the neighbourhood of Inverness, in Scotland, with fifty women and children, emigrated to Georgia. The larger portion of these emigrants were aided by the trustees, but

several among them went out on their own account, and took with them laborers and servants. These hardy Highlanders were destined to settle on the frontier of the colony, and to form a barrier of defence. After touching at Savannah, they proceeded to the Altamaha River, ascended it about sixteen miles, and established themselves at a place which they called Darien. Here they began to build a town, named by them New Inverness. Twenty families of Jews had also arrived in Georgia, who formed a settlement in the neighbourhood of Savannah.

The

Meantime the Baron Von Reck, who accompanied the Saltzburgers to Georgia, had returned to Germany, and persuaded another party of his persecuted countrymen to follow the fortunes of their brethren in the new world. charge of transporting them from their homes to London was paid by the Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts. They were then taken under the protection of the trustees. At length a new body of emigrants was collected, sufficient in number, including the Saltzburgers, to require two ships. In one of these ships Oglethorpe embarked. They arrived in Georgia on the 5th of February, 1736. Religious instruction for the new settlers, and the conversion of the Indians to Christianity, were among the primary objects of the benevolent persons in England, who were the patrons of this enterprise. Pains had been taken, therefore, to enlist the services of able and zealous clergymen. The celebrated John Wesley, and his brother, Charles Wesley, who had then begun to be shining lights in the church, with the Reverend Mr. Ingham, undertook this charge, and came over with the emigrants. Their arrival, and the condition of the colony, are well described by Dr. Harris.

"They had experienced a tempestuous voyage, and had a very rough passage, but now the weather was fine; the land breezes refreshed them as the ships lay quietly moored, and they hailed with delight the land of promise, the borders of which stretched before them; where, says Wesley, 'the groves of pines along the shores made an agreeable prospect, showing, as it were, the verdure and bloom of spring in the depth of winter. A night of peaceful slumber passed; and, about eight o'clock on Friday morning, they went ashore on a small uninhabited island, where Oglethorpe led them to a rising ground, and they all knelt and returned thanks to God for

their safe arrival. Leaving the people, as there was a fine spring, and a pond of pure water, to wash their clothes and refresh themselves, he went himself, attended by his suite, in a boat to Savannah, where he was received, under the discharge of all their cannon, by the freeholders in arms, with the constables and tithing men at their head. He introduced to them the clergymen and gentlemen by whom he was accompanied, and congratulated the colonists on the religious advantages which they were about to derive from these pious missionaries; and here they passed the Sunday. Just three years had elapsed since the settlement commenced, and the celebration of the anniversary on the opening week was rendered more observable and gladdening by the return of the founder to share and grace the festivities of the occasion. But, amidst all the greetings and inquiries of the throng around him, he was not unmindful of the new comers. He made it his earliest care, as soon as the articles could be got ready, to send a boat with provisions and refreshments for the people on board the ships and at the island; and soon after made them a visit himself, and carried with him a still further supply of beef, pork, venison, and wild turkeys, together with soft bread, beer, turnips, and garden greens. This was not only peculiarly relishing, after the salted sea-fare rations, but gratifying and encouraging, from the evidence it gave that a settlement, begun only three years ago, by a people in circumstances like theirs, could produce such plenty. And, while these attentions evinced the thoughtful regard of their conductor to their comfort and welfare, they increased their sense of obligation, awakened their gratitude, and strengthened their reliance.

"As Oglethorpe went round, and visited the families in their dwellings, he was gratified with perceiving what improvements had been made in the town and its vicinity; that about two hundred houses had been built, trees set out on the sides of the streets and public squares, and a large garden laid out, and now under cultivation. This had engaged his early attention, and was a favorite project, as of general interest and utility. It was situated at the east of the town, on the sloping bank, and included the alluvial champaign below. It was laid out with regularity and taste; and intended, primarily, to supply the settlers with legumes, culinary roots, radishes, and salads, till they could prepare homestead-plats for raising them. The principal purpose, however, was for a nursery of white-mulberry trees for the raising of silkworms; and from which the people could be supplied with young trees, that all the families might be more or less engaged in this ref

erence to the filature. There was, also, a nursery coming on, of apple, pear, peach, and plum trees, for transplantation. On the borders of the walks were orange, olive, and fig-trees, pomegranates, and vines. In the more sunny part there was a collection of tropical plants, by way of experiment, such as coffee, cacoa, cotton, &c., together with some medicinal plants, procured by Dr. William Houston in the West Indies, whither he had been sent by Sir Hans Sloane to collect them for Georgia. The expenses of this mission had been provided by a subscription headed by Sir Hans, to which his Grace, the Duke of Richmond, the Earl of Derby, the Lord Peters, and the Apothecaries' Company, liberally contributed. The Doctor having died at Jamaica, the celebrated botanist Philip Miller was now his successor.

"All hands were now set to work; some to prepare houses, barracks, and lodgments for the new comers; some to unlade the vessels, and store the cargo, and some to extend the wharf. The General, also, made a contract with persons for laying out and clearing the roads, and for making fortifications at the south. Pp. 125–129.

After this time Oglethorpe is frequently called the General, from which it would appear that this military title had recently been conferred upon him. It was his first care to provide a place of settlement for the Saltzburgers. They finally joined their brethren at Ebenezer. A deputation from that settlement waited on Oglethorpe, and requested that they might remove to another place. They complained that their lands were not good. He visited their town, and found that they had constructed a bridge across the river, erected several houses, and made considerable progress in cultivating the lands, and he recommended to them not to abandon a place, which already exhibited such fruits of their industry and toil. Not being able to change their minds, however, he consented to their removal, and they commenced another town ten miles further east, at the Red Bluff on the bank of the Savannah River. The town of Augusta had already been laid out, and a garrison was stationed there by order of the trustees. It became the principal place of rendezvous for the Indian traders.

The English emigrants required his next attention. The destination of a large portion of these was the southern border of the colony, where it was proposed to build another A sloop was despatched with pioneers, and the Gen

town.