ou, as in our; th, as in thin; Tн, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

on the high road between Venice and Vienna. It is well built, and contains 20,000 inhabitants. (B.) Lat. 46° 3′ N., Lon. 13° 15′ E.

UIST, wist,* (or more properly üst,) the name of two islands of the Hebrides, off the W. coast of Scotland, belonging to Inverness-shire. North Uist is about 16 m. in length, and nearly 13 m. in its greatest breadth. South Uist is above 20 m. in length, and 6 or 7 m. in its greatest breadth.

U-KRAINE (Polish, Ukraïna, oo-krå-ee/-nå), a name which has been rather indefinitely applied to an extensive and fertile tract in the S. part of European Russia, on both sides of the Dnieper, now comprising the governments of Kief, Podolia, Poltava, and Slobode Ukraina; the last is sometimes called the gov. of Ukraine.

ULEÅBORG, 00/-le-ō-borg`, a seaport t. of Russia, in the grand-duchy of Finland, cap. of a circle of its own name, on the Gulf of Bothnia, at the mouth of the r. Uleå (oo/-le-ō). Lat. 65° N., Lon. about 25° 30′ E. Pop. about 5,000. (M.)

ULM (Ger. pron. ŏŏlm), formerly an important fortress of Würtemberg, on the Danube, where it begins to be navigable, 45 m. S. E. of Stuttgart. Its cathedral or Münster, though unfinished, is a fine specimen of ancient Gothic architecture, and one of the largest and loftiest churches in Germany. Lat. 48° 23′ N., Lon. 9° 59′ E. Pop. 16,000. (P. C.)

UL-STER, the most northern of the four provinces of Ireland, comprising the counties of Antrim, Armagh, Cavan, Donegal, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry, Monaghan, and Tyrone.

ULSTER, a co. in the S. E. part of N. Y., on the W. side of the Hudson r. Pop. 59,384. Co. t. Kingston.

UMEÅ, 00'-me-ō, a small r. in the N. of Sweden, which falls into the Gulf of Bothnia, in about 63° 40′ N. Lat.

UM-MER-A-POO/-RA (Amarapoura-see Int. XIX., 1, Obs.), a decayed city of Chin India, formerly the cap. of the Birman empire. Lat. 21° 55' N., Lon. 96° 7′ E.

UNDERWALDEN. See UNTERWALDEN.

UNION, a co. in the central part of Pa., on the W. side of the Susquehanna r. Pop. 26,083. Co. t. New Berlin.

UNION, a district in the N. N. W. part of S. C., on the W. side of Broad r. Pop. 19,852. Seat of justice, Unionville.

UNION, a co. on the N. border of Ga. Pop. 7,234. Co. t. Blairsville. UNION, a parish on the N. border of La. Pop. 8,203. Seat of justice, Farmersville.

UNION, a co. on the S. border of Ark. Pop. 10,298. Seat of justice, Union c. h.

UNION, a co. in the N. W. part of Ky., on the Ohio r. Pop. 9,012. Co. t. Morganfield.

* "Be mine, so please my liege, dismiss'd
To wake to arms the clans of UIST."

SCOTT's Lord of the Isles, Canto IV.

Fate, far, fall, fất; mẻ, mét; pine or pine, pin ; nồ, nót; čò as in good;

UNION, a co. in the W. central part of Ohio. Pop. 12,204. Co. t. Marysville.

UNION, a co. in the E. S. E. part of Ind., bordering on Ohio. Pop. 6,944. Co. t. Liberty.

UNION, a co. in the S. part of Ill., on the Mississippi r. Pop. 7,615. Co. t. Jonesboro.

UNITED STATES, a federal republic of N. America, between 25° and 49° N. Lat., and 66° 50′ and 124° 30′ W. Lon.; bounded on the N. by British America, from which it is partially separated by the great lakes Superior, Haron, Erie, and Ontario, and the r. St. Lawrence, E. by the British Province of New Brunswick and the Atlantic Ocean, S. by the Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican States, from which it is chiefly separated by the Rio del Norté and Gila r., and on the W. by the Pacific Ocean. The United States now form nearly a parallelogram of about 2,400 miles in mean length from east to west, and an average breadth from north to south of about 1,300 miles. The extreme length is more than 2,700 miles, and the greatest breadth near 1,600 miles. Total population in 1850 (exclusive of the Indians on the unappropriated territory) 23,246,301, of whom 3,198,298 are slaves. Since the first edition of this Gazetteer was published, astonishing changes have taken place in the extent and resources of the United States. This great confederacy now (1852) possesses an empire extending over more than 3,200,000 sq. m., of which about 825,000 sq. m. have been added by annexation, conquest, and purchase, within the last 7 yrs. A new state, California, has sprung up on our Pacific coast, supplying by its inexhaustible mines of gold, as well as by its peculiar geographical and commercial position, a new and mighty impetus to the enterprise and energy of our citizens of every state and territory. The vast regions of the far northwest, which but a few years ago were gloomy forests or lonely prairies, unexplored and untrodden, except by the wandering savage or the fearless hunter, are now dotted with towns and villages and resound with the hum of an ever-active population. The rivers, whose waters had borne only the light canoe or occasional masses of drift-wood, are now plowed by the rapid steamer or burdened with the unwieldy raft. Even in the older states a rapid progress has been made. With a view to present to the reader data which may enable him to form a correct idea of the advancement of our country, a table has been prepared showing the population of each state in 1840 and 1850, with a list of the counties and their population, those which have been added since the census of 1840 being distinguished from the others by a star. (See Appendix B.) The republic comprises thirty-one states, besides six territories, and the District of Columbia. The United States have been usually classed into four great divisions, viz. :1. The EASTERN or NEW-ENGLAND STATES, Comprising Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. 2. The MIDDLE STATES-New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland. 3. The SOUTHERN STATES-Virginia,

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. 4. The WESTERN STATES-Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Missouri, with Minnesota, Indian, and Missouri territories. To these we may now add, 5. The PACIFIC DIVISION, embracing the State of California, and the territories of Oregon, Utah, and New Mexico. There are six cities (including their suburbs) numbering from 130,000 to 650,000 inhabitants; three from 50,000 to 100,000; five from 40,000 to 44,000; four from 30,000 to 40,000; twelve from 20,000 to 30,000; and thirty-four from 10,000 to 20,000 inhab. The total revenue for the year ending June 30th,1851, was $52,312,979.87. Of this amount $49,017,567.02 were from the customs. Public debt in December, 1851, $62,560,305.26. Imports for the fiscal year 1851, $215,725,995; exports for the same period $217,517,130, of which $29,231,880 was specie, and $9,738,695 re-exported foreign merchandise. Cotton exported in the same year 927,237,089 tb, and breadstuffs and provisions to the value of $21,918,653. Railroads completed 11,565 m., at a total cost of $335,150,848; in course of construction 11,228 m.

Steam Marine of the U. S.-On the Atlantic coast there are 46 ocean steamers, 274 ordinary steamers, 65 propellers, and 80 ferryboats-tonnage 154,270 tons. On the Gulf of Mexico, 12 ocean steamers, 95 ordinary steamers, and 2 propellers-tonnage 23,244 tons. On the Pacific coast, 37 ocean steamers, and 13 ordinary steamers-tonnage 37,986.

Inland Steam Marine.-On the northern frontier there are 164 steamers, in the Ohio basin 348, and in the Mississippi valley 255, total 767; tonnage 204,723.

Each of the thirty-one states constitutes a republic independent of the others, with respect to those affairs which are purely local; but matters of general interest, such as providing for the defence of the country, and the regulation of its intercourse with foreign nations, fall within the province of the federal government. The legislature of this government is vested in a senate and house of representatives. The members of the latter are elected every two years by the people; the senators are appointed by the state legislatures, two being chosen by each state, for the term of six years. The executive power is intrusted to a president, who holds his office for a term of four years. The president is commander-in-chief of the army and navy; and has the power, in conjunction with the senate, to make treaties, appoint Imbassadors and other public ministers, the judges of the supreme court, and the various executive officers of the general government. The vice-president presides over the senate, and in case the votes are equally divided, he is permitted to decide by a casting vote; in the event of the president's death, he becomes president for the remainder of the term. Washington is the seat of government.

UNTERWALDEN, oon-ter-wål/-dẹn, a canton in the central part of Switzerland, S. of, and bordering on L. Lucerne. Area 267 sq. m.

Fate, fải, fall, fất; mẻ, mét; pine or pine, pin; nỗ, nắt; oo as in good Pop., in 1835, 23,600. (P. C.) The canton is divided into two districts, namely, Upper and Lower Unterwalden. Stanz (stånts), a little t. near the L. of Lucerne, with about 2,000 inhabitants, is the cap. of Lower Unterwalden, and Sarnen, a small t. of about the same size, on the Aa, at its egress from the L. of Sarnen or Sarner-See (sar/-nẹr så), is the cap. of Upper Unterwalden.

UP/-SAL or UPSALA, up-sål-lå, an archiepiscopal city of Sweden, cap. of a prov. of the same name, on the Sala, 37 m. N. by W. of Stockholm. The most interesting buildings are those of the University, and the Cathedral, which is the largest and most magnificent in Scandinavia. The University, founded in 1478, is the most celebrated and flourishing institution of the kind in the N. of Europe: connected with it is a library of nearly 100,000 vols. The number of students is between 1,000 and 1,500. Many eminent scientific men have been professors in this university, among whom we may cite the names of Linneus, Scheele, and Berzelius. Lat. 59° 52′ N., Lon. 17° 39′ E. Pop., without including the students of the University, about 4,000. (B., Up-son, a co. in the W. part of Ga., on the E. side of Flint river. Pop. 9,424. Co. t. Thomaston.

Ü'-RAL (or OURAL, oo-rål/) MOUNTAINS, a chain in the northern part of the Eastern Continent, forming a portion of the boundary between Europe and Asia, between 51° and 70° N. Lat., and 55° and 65° E. Lon. Their general direction is almost due N. and S. None of the summits of this mountain system appear to be very elevated, the highest being, according to the best authorities, between 5,000 and 6,000 ft. above the level of the sea. These mountains are exceedingly rich in ores. It is probable that a very small portion of their treasure has yet been revealed, as most of the mines in this region have been opened within the last 70 or 80 years, and scarcely a year passes without new deposites being discovered.—Adj. U-RAL/-I-AN or oo-rall-e-an.

URAL (Oural) or Yдïí, yål-ik, a r. which rises on the E. declivity of the Ural Mountains, near 55° N. Lat., and 59° E. Lon. and flowing southerly, in its general course, falls into the N. extremity of the Caspian Sea, by several mouths. The length has been estimated at 900 m. It is navigable for large barges to Orsk or Orskaya, near the S. extremity of the Ural Mountains.

URBINO, OOR-bee/-no, (Anc. Urbi/num Horten/se,) an archiepiscopal t. of Italy, in the Papal State, cap. of the prov. of Urbino and Pesaro, 20 m. from the Adriatic. It is surrounded with walls, has several fine buildings, and is the seat of a university. Urbino is remarkable as the birth-place of the immortal Raphael. Lat. 43° 44′, Lon. 12° 37′ E. Pop. about 7,000. (B.)

ÚRFA. See OORFA.

U/-RI (Ger. pron. oo/-re), a canton in land, bordering on the L. of Lucerne. 13,000 (B.), in 1836, 13,519. (P. C.)*

the E. central part of SwitzerArea 424 sq. m. Pop. in 1826, Altorf is the capital.

* McCulloch states the population at 40,650!

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; тH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

URMIAH. See OOROOMEEA.

Uruguay, 00-roo-ġwi', a r. of S. America, which rises in the S. part of Brazil, between 27° and 28° N. Lat., and about 50° W. Lon. ; flowing at first westerly, and afterwards southerly, it joins the Parana to form the La Plata. Length estimated at near 1,000 m. Though it brings down a great quantity of water, it is said to be navigated with difficulty, on account of its numerous rocks and the rapidity of its cur

rent.

URUGUAY, REPUBLIC OF, or THE EASTERN REPUBLIC OF THE URUGUAY, (Republica del Uruguay Oriental, rà-poob/-le-kå del oo-roo-gwi o-re-ên-tål/), called also the BANDA ORIENTAL, a republic of S. America, between 53° and 59′ W. Lon.; bounded on the N. and E. by Brazil, S. by the Atlantic and the r. La Plata, and W. by the r. Uruguay. Area estimated Length about 380 m.; greatest breadth near 300 m.

at 80,000 sq. m. Pop. 70,000. (B.) The territory of this republic formerly constituted the principal part of the Banda Oriental, one of the divisions of the vice-royalty of Buenos Ayres, whence that name is still sometimes applied to the republic. Montevideo is the capital. URUMIYA. See OOROOMEEA.

USTIUG. See OOSTIOOG.

U'TAH, originally a part of the territory of Upper California, ceded to the United States by the treaty with Mexico in 1848, was erected into a separate territory in 1850. It lies between 37° and 42° N. Lat., and between 105° 30′ and 120° W. Lon., being about 620 m. in length from E. to W., and 347 broad from N. to S., and including an area of 187,923 sq. m. It is bounded on the N. by Oregon, E. by Indian Territory and New Mexico, S. by New Mexico, and W. by California. The Rocky mountains separate it from Indian Territory, and the Sierra Nevada partly from California. It is divided into 9 counties. By the census of 1850, Utah contained 11,380 inhab., of whom 11,330 were white, 24 free coloured persons, and 26 slaves. There were 232 deaths in the year ending June 30th, 1850, or about 21 in every thousand.

Face of the Country, Mountains, &c.—This extensive region is an elevated table-land, generally of hopeless sterility, and divided into nearly equal portions by the Sierra Madre mountains. The western section, known as the Great, or Fremont Basin, is hemmed in by mountains on all sides, having the Blue mountains of Oregon on the N., the Wahsatch mountains on the E., the Sierra Nevada mountains on the W., and a nameless mountain or mountains on the S. This basin has an extent of about 400 m. from E. to W., by 250 from N. to S., and a general elevation of from 4000 to 5000 ft. above the level of the sea, "with its own system of lakes and rivers, and having no communication with the ocean." The eastern portion is

*Davis, Great Salt Lake, Iron, San Pete, Tooele (too-il-e), Utah, Weber, Box Elder, and Millard.