ney required in addition to what is derived from other

sources.

14. The state superintendent (who is the secretary of state) collects information relating to the schools, the number of children residing in the districts, the number taught, and the amount paid for tuition; the number of school-houses, and the amount expended from year to year in erecting school-houses; and other matters in reference to the operations and effects of the common school system. He reports annually to the legislature the information collected, and suggests such improvements as he thinks ought to be made. It is his duty also to ascertain and report the condition and value of all the school lands, with the amount of the different school funds due to each township.

15. School examiners are appointed in each county by the court of common pleas, for the term of three years. They examine teachers; and to those whom they think competent to teach, they give a certificate to that effect. And for the convenience of teachers in distant parts of the county, they may appoint persons in the remote townships to serve as examiners. Examiners may also recommend school books to be used in the schools.

CHAPTER XIX.

Funds, &c., of the State, continued.-University Fund; Ministerial Fund; Road Fund; Public Buildings, &c.

1. BESIDES the school fund described in the preceding chapter, there is another called the university fund. At an early period, two townships of six miles square each, of a tract of land in the southern part of the state, called the "Ohio Company's Purchase," were granted by congress for a college. On these lands, now in Athens county, the legislature of the North Western Territory established an

superintendent? What are his duties? 14. Who is state superintendWhat are his duties? 15. How are school examiners appointed? What are their duties?

ent ?

1. Give a description of the university fund. To what institutions is

institution, now called the "Ohio University." Another township, situate in the southwestern part of the state, was also early granted by congress, on which is now the "Miami University." The avails of these lands, as they are sold, are paid into the state treasury for the benefit of these institutions.

2. There is also a ministerial fund. In a portion of the state, one section of land, one mile square, in each township, was granted by congress for the support of the gospel. The avails of these lands are paid into the state treasury, and constitute a fund, the interest of which is apportioned among the several townships according to the share which each has in the fund, and is distributed among all the religious denominations in each township in proportion to the number of adherents of each, for the support of religion.(Cons. Art. 8, sec. 26.)

3. There is also a fund, called the three per cent. fund, for making and improving roads. The act of congress providing for the admission of the new state into the Union, made certain propositions to the people. The convention of delegates that framed the constitution, acting for the people, did not choose to accept these propositions fully, but proposed some alterations, which were agreed to by congress.

4. By the terms of these propositions, as modified, the one thirty-sixth part of the land was to be given for the benefit of schools, and three per cent. of the proceeds of the public lands (of the United States) sold within the state, was to be applied, under the direction of the legislature of the state, to the making and improving of roads within the state. The money thus accruing is apportioned by the state auditor among the several counties; and the county commissioners appropriate it for the improvement of roads, or repair of bridges, to be expended by such persons as the commissioners may appoint for that purpose.

5. The national road is also the property of the state.

the income of this paid? 2. Describe the ministerial fund. How is this fund distributed? 3. To what object is the three per cent. fund applied? 4. How was this road fund obtained? How is it distributed? 5. By what government was the national road made? Whose property

This road, which passes through this and other states, was made by the government of the United States. That part of it which lies in this state, has been transferred by congress to the state. Tolls are collected on it, and applied to the keeping of it in repair. The road has been placed by the legislature under the direction of the board of public works.

6. The public buildings at the seat of government, erected there for the accommodation of the legislature and the state officers, are state property. They are under the care of persons appointed for that purpose.

7. The state library consists of books containing matter of a public nature: such as the laws of the state, enacted from year to year, the laws of the United States, and the laws of the several states; together with all public documents, and such works generally as the members of the legislature and other officers of the government have occasion to examine, and as it is important to preserve for future use; besides a large collection of miscellaneous works. The citizens at large have access to the library. It is under the control of the governor, secretary of state, and a librarian.

8. The lunatic asylum has been built by the state, for the benefit of persons who have become insane. Such persons are sent to the asylum, where they are put under the care of physicians. The affairs of this institution are managed by six directors, appointed by the legislature for six years, one going out of office, and a new one being appointed, every year. The directors appoint a superintendent.

9. There is at the seat of government an extensive prison, called the penitentiary, in which are confined persons convicted of the higher crimes, punishable by imprisonment elsewhere than in a county jail. The buildings have been erected at the expense of the state. The penitentiary is under the direction of three directors, who hold their offices

is it now? Under whose direction is the road? 6. What is said of the public buildings? 7. Of what consists the state library? Under whose control is it? 8. For what purpose is the state asylum used? By what officers is it managed? 9. What is a penitentiary? For what crimes are persons imprisoned there? How are the directors chosen? What

for three years, one to be chosen every year by joint ballot of the general assembly. They make regulations for the discipline and government of the penitentiary.

10. The directors appoint a warden, whose duty it is to carry into effect the rules of the directors; to purchase the raw materials or stock to be manufactured by the convicts; and to attend to the selling of the articles manufactured. He also provides food and clothing for the convicts, and has in charge all the operations of the establishment. He has deputies to assist him.

CHAPTER XX.

Sundry Laws, regulating the conduct of citizens.-Fences, Strays, Weights, and Measures.

1. EVERY owner of lands adjoining the land of another person, must make and maintain a just proportion of the division-fence between them, unless one of them shall choose to let his land lie open but if he shall afterwards enclose it, he must refund a just proportion of the value of the fence, or build his proportion. A person may remove his part of a division-fence, by giving to the other party six months' previous notice.

2. If a dispute arises between the owners of adjoining lands, concerning the partition-fence, which they cannot settle themselves, either party may apply to the trustees of the township, who, after due notice shall have been given to the other party, shall proceed to view the fence, (they being fence-viewers,) and shall assign in writing to each party his equal share of the fence, to be kept in good repair. If either party neglects to keep his portion of a partition-fence in good repair, he is liable to pay for the damage which the other shall sustain in consequence of such neglect; the

are their duties? 10. Who appoint the warden? What are the warden's duties?

1. What does the law require respecting the building, &c., of divisionfences? 2. What is said as to the manner of settling disputes between persons respecting division-fences? What if one party neglects to keep

damage to be assessed, under oath, by three men appointed by a justice of the peace of the township.

3. Any person sustaining injury from a trespassing animal, may apply to the fence-viewers, after having given at least one day's notice in writing to the owner or keeper of such animal that he intends so to apply, and of the time when the fence-viewers are to examine the fence. If in their opinion the fence is such as every good husbandman ought to keep, they shall assess the damages, including the sum due for their services, and shall certify and sign the same. If the fence shall be deemed insufficient, the person calling the fence-viewers shall be liable for the cost of the view or examination. Fence-viewers are entitled to 75 cents a day.

4. Any person owning land in this state, or holding it by lease for three or more years, may take up in the township where he resides, any stray animal running at large in such township, between the first day of November and the first day of April thereafter, or a strayed horse at any time. The person taking up a stray, must, within three days, leave with the township clerk an accurate description of the marks, color, and supposed age of the animal; the clerk to record the same in a book, and to post up a copy on or near his office-door. And within five days such person must post up copies at three public places in the township.

5. If the strays are other than hogs or sheep, the person taking them up must also send a copy of the description to the clerk of the court of common pleas, to be entered on his stray-book; and must, within twenty days thereafter, state on oath before a justice, when and where he found the strays, and that he has not trimmed them nor altered their marks; or if any alteration has been made, he must so declare.

6. The justice then orders two suitable men to view and appraise the strays, and return to him the appraisement on oath, with a true description of their marks and supposed age; the appraisement and description, with the names of

his part in repair? 3. How must a man proceed to obtain remedy for damage done by trespassing animals? 4. Who may take up strays? During what time of the year? How proceed? 5. How if the strays are other than hogs or sheep? 6. What provision respecting the ap