table to the age that language such as this should be tolerated by any auditory without marks of distinct reprobation. It amounts to a broad and plain acknowledgment that the public weal is not to be regarded when opposed to private interest-a sentiment certainly the reverse of patriotic, and equally opposed to the leading dogmata of republicanism. But all that matters nothing. As in commercial speculation no man cares for his brother, but rather tries if possible to outwit him, so do some of our commercial legislators maintain that all tricks are allowable in politics as well as trade, and that the game of "Beggar my neighbour may be fitly played in Parliament. It requires no searching glance to discover in this the symptoms of profound demoralisation; but we should wrong the Legislature, and even the Liberal party, were we to assume that even a considerable portion of them sympathised with so sordid an avowal. There may be, and there is, great difference of opinion, both as to the extent of the claims for relief which may be urged on the part of any interest in the country which has suffered under recent legislation, and as to the nature of the means which ought to be applied remedially. These are fair subjects of discussion, and we trust they will be discussed in a becoming spirit; but, looking to the speeches which have already emanated from Manchester, we must be prepared for a violent opposition to every measure which has a tendency to heal the sores which the recent differences have engendered. It is in these discussions that the element of patriotism, where it exists, must show itself in opposition to the blind attacks of faction. Surely the welfare and the tranquillity of the country is a matter of far greater moment than any party triumph; surely it would be wise to reconcile classes which have been arrayed in opposition, not to irritate those who are still smarting under a sense of recent injury. Let the Ministry be judged by its acts and its measures. If the latter are not such as the country has good reason to expect, or of which it can conscientiously approve, then the reins of government must necessarily pass into other hands. But, above all things, it is needful that discord should cease at home. Awful is the responsibility which those will incur who lend their countenance and aid to faction, at a time when foreign events of great significance have at last aroused the nation from its lethargic torpor, and dissipated the dream of fancied security in which we had so long indulged. Possibly the alarm may not be followed by any corresponding aggression, for a wakeful and watchful policy will ever be found the best safeguard against outward attacks; but for the maintenance of peace we have evidently no security. And very blind we must be if we cannot read, in the late history of France, a lesson of the most emphatic warning against a democratic movement. Mr Bright and his fellows are using just now, though perhaps unconsciously, the very same language which, from the mouths of the French democrats, led to the subversion of the monarchy, the disorganisation of society, the destruction of credit, and the reign of the barricades. And what has followed? Slaughter, rapine, almost civil war, the suppression of the liberty of the press, and the reign of a military dictator. Is it to accomplish such ends as these that we are asked to change our system, to give increased rapidity to the deliberations of our senate, or rather to dispense with any deliberation at all—to infuse more of the popular element, as it is called, into our institutions; to trust to the "instinct " of the masses of the nation, and not to the calm judgment of its wisest and its best? Never has democracy, though rebuked by Providence wherever it has reared its head, experienced a more signal rebuke than in this latest instance of France. is of no avail that the men who were themselves the chief instigators of the movement, rail in their exile against that tyranny which was the inevitable consequence of their misdeeds. Blind with faction, they could not see what they were doing-they could not perceive that each step made towards pure democracy was subversive of the nation's liberties. Long indeed may it be before our country, blessed with national liberty and free institu It tions, shall be led, by the instigation of demagogues, to plunge into a similar chaos. Where there are demagogues, faction is of course to be found. It is therefore not to be wondered at if it should show its head amongst us; but it is the duty of every well-wisher of the country to do his utmost to keep it down. It is far less open faction that we fear, than that kind of it which makes its approach under the more respectable name of party. Many men who would shrink from being broadly factious, and who would indignantly deny the charge, do nevertheless commit faction by trusting implicitly to their leaders, and by treading diligently in their footsteps. For even the leaders, when they act from what has very aptly been termed "mixed motives," are not unfrequently driven into faction, their own hearts too often deceiving them as to the purity of their conduct. There are many temptations in the way of a politician; and perhaps that man would be more than mortal who did not occasionally feel an impulse to take advantage of an adversary's un guarded position; but there is a vast difference between that and a deliberate and preconcerted attack made, not for any real public end, but simply for the purposes of molestation. It remains yet to be seen how this debate will be conducted, and how it will terminate. For ourselves we have no hesitation in characterising this as a deliberate factious effort, and not as a fair and legitimate party movement; because we are unable to see any absolute advantage which could be gained by any party or any principle by the adoption of Mr Villiers' motion. If it is simply intended as a censure upon Protectionists, it is senseless and out of place. It has no proper reference to future policy, apart from the amendment; because that is as clearly expressed in the one as in the other. It gives no further security for the continuance of the present system of commercial policy, than is accorded by the general acquiescence of the nation, and the direct declaration of Ministers. In a word, it is factious; and, as such, we sincerely trust that it will not receive the sanction of the House of Commons. INDEX TO VOL. LXXII. Abdul Meschid, Sultan, sketch of, 164. Aborigines of Australia, sketches of the, Abu-Harasch, sketches at, 455. Adulteration, universality of, 433-pun- Africa, results of the reduction of our Agricultural produce, diminished amount AITON'S TRAVELS IN THE EAST, review of, ALPHONSE KARR, 71. Alpine hare, habits, &c. of the, 229. American Indians, various representa- AMERICAN POLITICS, 45. American Tariff, views of parties, &c., on Arabs, sketches of the, 450. "ARE THERE NOT GREAT BOASTERS AMONG Armenia, sketches in, 169. Armenian horses, peculiarities of, 177. AUSTRALIA, RESIDENCE AND RAMBLES IN, Australia, emigration of Chinese to, 101 Bailly's Memoirs, Jeffrey's review of, 474. Bonham, Mr, British consul at Teheran, BRIDEGROOM, THE, by H. G. K., 516. Buffalo-hunting in America, 686. California, emigration of Chinese to, and Camel, antipathy between, and the horse, Campbell, Jeffrey's criticism on, 470-his Caravan journey from Erzroum to Tabriz, Cardwell, Mr, the defeat of, at Liverpool, Carlisle, Sir James Graham's election for, Cavenagh's Rough Notes on Nepaul, re- Caxton, Pisistratus, My Novel by, Part CELESTIALS, THE, AT HOME AND ABROAD, Cotton manufactures, increased duties on, Celibacy of the clergy, results of the, in Spain, 716. CHALMERS' BIOGRAPHY, SOME REMARKS ON THE FOURTH VOLUME OF, 316. Chambord, the count de, 643. Chartum, sketches at, 446. levied by the Zollverein, 557-increase of, in the United States, 566. Country, state of the, 766. Crabbe, Jeffrey's criticism on, 470. Chicory, the adulteration of coffee with, CRUSADER'S MARCH, the, 372. China, emigration to various quarters from, 99 et seq.-recent history and CHINESE, THE, AT HOME AND ABROAD, 98. Church of Scotland, origin, &c., of the, Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusa- CHURCH OF SPAIN, THE, 711. Churdshid Pasha, governor of Sennaar, Cid of Corneille, the, 409. Clergy, character of the, in Germany Clerk, John, sketch of, by Lord Cock- Cobden, Mr, expressed views of, with re- gard to war, 2-position of Lord John Coffee, the adulterations of, 433. COLQUHOUN'S MOOR AND LOCH, 218. Confession of Faith, the Scottish, origin Confessional, the, in Spain, 716. Constantinople, sketches at, 164. Coombing, an Australian residence, 308. Corobbery or Australian dance, a, 302. Cotton, produce of, by the United States, Cuba, immigration of Chinese labourers Cypress swamp, sketch of a, 688. Darnley, the character of, 620. DEATH OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON, Deer-stalking, requisites for, 221. 114-new definition of the word by Democrats, the party called, in the United Denmark, increased stringency of the DERBY, THE EARL OF, HIS APPEAL TO THE DERBY, THE EARL OF, HIS PRESENT POSI- Derby, lord, the Militia Bill introduced 759. Deserters, punishment of, in Egypt, 454. Dinner, a Spanish, 716. Disraeli, Mr, attacks of Cobden, &c. on, 262-his speech at Aylesbury, 265– Dock battalions, inefficiency of the, in the Dogs, training, &c. of, for grouse-shoot- Döring, George, the pilgrimage of the Douglas, Sir Howard, on the defences Drama, modern influence of the, 397-in- Drummond, Mr, speech of, on taxation, Edinburgh Review, Lord Cockburn on the, Education, views of Lord Derby on, 120- Egerton's Winter's Tour in India, review Egypt, sketches by Dr Aiton in, 748. Electioneering Frauds, on, 440. Encumbered Estates commission, sales English press, (violence of the, against Erskine, Henry, sketch of, by Lord Cock- Erzroum, journey from, to Tabriz, 176. Faction, predominance of the spirit of, Famines, frequency of, and their results FAREWELL, A, by H. G. K., 515. FLAGELLANTS, PILGRIMAGE OF THE, 596. Foreign relations, present state of, 1. Francis II., marriage, &c. of Queen Mary Free Trade, views of Lord Derby, &c. on, 120-decreased amount of Agricul- dictions of the, 121, 554-demands of French Mob, difference between a, and French Revolution, influence of Corneille FROM STAMBOUL TO TABRIZ, 163. GENERAL ELECTION, THE, 114. General Election, disagreeables of a, 218 Genevieve, a tale, by Alphonse Karr, Germany, sketches of the social state of, Gibraltar, sketches at, 721. Glass, increased duties on, levied by the Goethe's Wilhelm Meister, Jeffrey's re- - GOLD ÉMIGRATION-FOREIGN DEPEN- Gold, the increased annual supply of, |