The Encyclopædia Britannica: The New Volumes, Constituting, in Combination ...

The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.

E36
1922

AMC 9843;

INITIALS USED IN VOLUME XIX. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL
CONTRIBUTORS, WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE

ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED.

A. A. W. H,

AMBROSIUS ARNOLD WILLEM HUBRECHT, LL.D., D.Sc., PH.D.

A. Ca.

A. E. S.

A. F.P.

Professor of Zoology, and Director of the Institute of Zoology in the University Nemertina (in part).

of Utrecht. Author of Nemertines.

ARTHUR CAYLEY, LL.D., F.R.S.

{Numbers, Partition of.

Nematoda (in part);

See the biographical article: CAYLEY, ARTHUR.
ARTHUR EVERETT SHIPLEY, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.
Master of Christ's College, Cambridge. Reader in Zoology, Cambridge University. Nematomorpha;
Joint-editor of the Cambridge Natural History.

ALBERT FREDERICK POLLARD, M.A., F.R.HIST.S.

Professor of English History in the University of London. Fellow of All Souls
College, Oxford. Assistant Editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, 1893-
1901. Lothian Prizeman, Oxford, 1892; Arnold Prizeman, 1898. Author of
England under the Prolector Somerset; Henry VIII.; Life of Thomas Cranmer; &c.
SIR ARCHIBALD GEIKIE, K.C.B.

See the biographical article: GEikie, Sir ArchiBALD.

REV. ALEXANDER GORDON, M.A.

Lecturer in Church History in the University of Manchester.

A. Go.

A. Ha.

ADOLF HARNACK, PH.D.

A. H.-S.

A. J. G.

See the biographical article: HARNACK, ADOLF.

SIR A. HOUTUM-Schindler, C.I.E.

General in the Persian Army. Author of Eastern Persian Irak.

REV. ALEXANDER JAMES GRIEVE, M.A., B.D.

Professor of New Testament and Church History at the United Independent
College, Bradford. Sometime Registrar of Madras University and Member of
Mysore Educational Service.

Nemertina (in part).

Nicholas, Henry;

Northumberland, John Dudley,

{Neoplatonism (in part).

Nishapur.

Nestorians (in part);

Nestorius (in part);

New Jerusalem Church;

Nicholas of Basel.

Mythology;

Name (Local and Personal

Names).

Trinity College, Cambridge: Barrister-at-Law, Inner Temple. Formerly Assistant Negligence.
Reader in Common Law under the Council of Legal Education.

Late Resident Tutor of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. Joint-editor of Sources of Municipium.
Roman History, 133-70 B.C.

SIR ALEXANDER RUSSELL SIMPSON, M.D., LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S. (Edin.).
Emeritus Professor of Midwifery, Edinburgh University. Dean of the Faculty of Obstetrics.
Medicine and Professor in the University, 1870-1905.

ARTHUR STANLEY EDDINGTON, M.A., M.Sc., F.R.A.S.

Chief Assistant at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. Fellow of Trinity College, Nebula.
Cambridge.

1A complete list. showing all individual contributors, appears in the final volume.

C. ML.

ANDREW SETH PRINGLE-PATTISON, M.A., LL.D., D.C.L.

Professor of Logic and Metaphysics in the University of Edinburgh. Gifford Mysticism.
Lecturer in the University of Aberdeen, 1911. Fellow of the British Academy.

Author of Man's Place in the Cosmos; The Philosophical Radicals; &c.

ALBERT THOMAS.

Member of the French Chamber of Deputies. Contributor to Vol. xi. of the Napoleon II
Cambridge Modern History. Author of Le second Empire, &c.

ARTHUR WILLIAM HOLLAND.

Formerly Scholar of St John's College, Oxford. Bacon Scholar of Gray's Inn, 1900. {Nonjurors.

ARTHUR WOLLASTON HUTTON.

Rector of Bow Church, Cheapside, London. Formerly Librarian of the National

Liberal Club. Author of Life of Cardinal Manning. Editor of Newman's Lives

of the English Saints; &c

LORD BALCARRES, F.S.A., M.P.

Trustee of National Portrait Gallery. Hon. Secretary of Society for Protection

Newman, Cardinal.

of Ancient Buildings; Vice-Chairman of National Trust. Junior Lord of the Museums of Art.
Treasury, 1903-1905. M.P. for Chorley division of Lancs from 1895. Son and
heir of the 26th earl of Crawford.

SIR BOVERTON REDWOOD, D.Sc., F.R.S. (Edin.), F.I.C., Assoc.INST.C.E.,

M.INST.M.E.

Adviser on Petroleum to the Admiralty, Home Office, India Office, Corporation of
London, and Port of London Authority. President of the Society of Chemical Naphtha.
Industry. Member of the Council of the Chemical Society. Member of Council of
Institute of Chemistry. Author of Cantor Lectures on Petroleum; Petroleum and
its Products; Chemical Technology; &c.

BERTHA SURTEES PHILPOTTS, M.A. (Dublin).

Formerly Librarian of Girton College, Cambridge.

BECKLES WILLSON.

Author of The Hudson's Bay Company; The Romance of Canada; &c.

CHARLES FREDERIC MOBERLY BELL

Norway: Early History.

{Newfoundland.

Managing Director of The Times. Correspondent in Egypt, 1865-1890. Author of Nubar Pasha.
Khedives and Pashas; From Pharaoh to Fellah; &c.

CARLTON HUNTLEY HAYES, A.M., PH.D.

Assistant Professor of History at Columbia University, New York City. Member Nicholas, III., IV. and V.

of the American Historical Association.

REV. CLAUDE HERMANN WALTER JOHNS, M.A., LITT.D.

(popes).

Master of St Catharine's College, Cambridge. Canon of Norwich. Author of Nineveh.
Assyrian Deeds and Documents.

Nish.

Professor at the Sorbonne, Paris. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Author of Neustria.
Études sur le règne de Robert le Pieux.

CHARLES SCOTT SHERRINGTON, D.Sc., M.D., M.A., F.R.S., LL.D.

Professor of Physiology, University of Liverpool. Foreign Member of Academies

of Rome, Vienna, Brussels, Göttingen, &c. Author of The Integrative Action of Muscle and Nerve.

the Nervous System.

DUNCAN BLACK MACDONALD, M.A., D.D.

Professor of Semitic Languages, Hartford Theological Seminary, U.S.A. Author of
Development of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence and Constitutional Theory; Selec-
tions from Ibn Khaldun; Religious Attitude and Life in Islam; &c.

DONALD FRANCIS TOVEY.

Balliol College, Oxford. Author of Essays in Musical Analysis: comprising The.

Classical Concerto, The Goldberg Variations, and analyses of many other classical

works.

DAVID GEORGE HOGARTH, M.A.

Muslim Ibn Al-Ḥajjāj.

Music

Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford.
Fellow of the British Academy. Excavated at Paphos, 1888; Naucratis, 1899 and Myra.
1903; Ephesus, 1904-1905: Assiut, 1906-1907. Director, British School at
Athens, 1897-1900. Director, Cretan Exploration Fund, 1899.

D. H.

D. M. W.

D. N. P.

DAVID HANNAY.

Formerly British Vice-Consul at Barcelona. Author of Short History of the Royal
Navy; Life of Emilio Castelar; &c.

SIR DONALD MACKENZIE WALLACE, K.C.I.E., K.C.V.O.

Napoleonic Campaigns:

Naval Operations;
Navarino, Battle of; Navy.
Nelson; Nile, Battle of the.

Extra Groom-in-Waiting to H.M. King George V. Director of the Foreign Depart-
ment of The Times, 1891-1899. Joint-editor of new volumes (10th edition) of the Nihilism.
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Author of Russia; Egypt and the Egyptian Question;
The Web of Empire; &c.

DIARMID NOEL PATON, M.D., F.R.C.P. (Edin.).

Regius Professor of Physiology in the University of Glasgow. Formerly Super-

intendent of Research Laboratory of Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh. Nutrition.

Biological Fellow of Edinburgh University, 1884. Author of Essentials of Human

Physiology; &c.

DANIEL WRIGHT, M.D.

Translated the History of Nepaul, from the Parbatiya, with an "Introductory Nepal (in part).
Sketch of the Country and People of Nepaul."

EDWARD AUGUSTUS FREEMAN, LL.D.

D. Wr.

E. A. F.

E. B. T.

EDWARD BURNETT TYLOR, D.C.L., LL.D.

E. F. S.

See the biographical article: FREEMAN, E. A.

See the biographical article: TYLOR, EDWARD Burnett.

EDWARD FAIRBROTHER STRANGE.

Assistant Keeper, Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington. Member of
Council, Japan Society. Author of numerous works on art subjects. Joint-editor
of Bell's Cathedral Series.

EDMUND GOSSE, LL.D.

See the biographical article: Gosse, Edmund.

See the biographical article: GARDNER, PERCY.

E. G.

E. Gr.

ERNEST ARTHUR GARDNER, M.A.

Norway: Norwegian Literature

Novel.

{Mycenae; Naucratis.

Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Librarian of the Royal Geographical Nyasa.

Society, London.

ELLIS HOVELL MINNS, M.A.

University Lecturer in Palaeography, Cambridge. Lecturer and Assistant Librarian
at Pembroke College, Cambridge. Formerly Fellow of Pembroke College.
EDWARD MEYER, PH.D., D.LITT. (Oxon.), LL.D.

Professor of Ancient History in the University of Berlin. Author of Geschichte des
Alterthums; Geschichte des alten Aegyptens; Die Israeliten und ihre Nachbarstämme.
EUSTACE NEVILLE-ROLFE, C.V.O. (1845-1908).

Formerly H.M. Consul-General at Naples. Author of Naples in the 'Nineties; &c.
EDGAR PRESTAGE.

Special Lecturer in Portuguese Literature in the University of Manchester.
Examiner in Portuguese in the Universities of London, Manchester, &c. Com-
mendador, Portuguese Order of S. Thiago. Corresponding Member of Lisbon
Royal Academy of Sciences, Lisbon Geographical Society, &c. Editor of Letters
of a Portuguese Nun; Azurara's Chronicle of Guinea; &c.

E. P. CATHCART, M.D.

Grieve Lecturer in Chemical Physiology, University of Glasgow.

SIR EDWIN RAY LANKESTER, K.C.B., F.R.S., M.A., D.Sc., LL.D.

Hon. Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford. President of the British Association, 1906.

Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy in University College, London,

1874-1890. Linacre Professor of Comparative Anatomy at Oxford, 1891-1898. – Mussel (in part).

Director of the Natural History Departments of the British Museum, 1898-1907.

Vice-President of the Royal Society, 1896. Romanes Lecturer at Oxford, 1905.

Author of Degeneration; The Adzancement of Science; The Kingdom of Man; &c.

EDWIN STEPHEN GOODRICH, M.A., F.R.S.

Fellow and Librarian of Merton College, Oxford. Aldrichian Demonstrator of Com- Myzostomida.

parative Anatomy, University Museum, Oxford.

REV. EDMOND WARRE, M.A., D.D., D.C.L., C.B. C.V.O.

{

Provost of Eton. Hon. Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. Headmaster of Eton Oar.

College, 1884-1905. Author of Grammar of Rowing; &c.

SIR EDWARD WALTER HAMILTON, G.C.B., K.C.V.O. (1847-1908).

Joint Permanent Secretary to H.M. Treasury, 1902-1908. Author of National National Debt:

Debt Conversion and Redemption.

FRANK EVERS BEDDARD, M.A., F.R.S.

Prosector of the Zoological Society. London. Formerly Lecturer in Biology at

Guy's Hospital, London. Naturalist to "Challenger" Expedition Commission,

1882-1884. Author of Text-Book of Zoogeography; Animal Coloration; &c.

Conversions (in part).

Nematoda (in part).

Northumbria.

F. G. M. B.

FREDERICK GEORGE MEESON BECK, M.A.

Fellow and Lecturer of Clare College, Cambridge.

F. G. P.

FREDERICK GYMER PARSONS, F.R.C.S., F.Z.S., F.R.ANTHROP.INST.
Vice-President, Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

Lecturer on

Anatomy at St Thomas's Hospital and the London School of Medicine for Women.

Formerly Hunterian Professor at the Royal College of Surgeons.

Nerve;

Muscular System;

Nervous System.

F. J. H.

F.LL. G.

FRANCIS JOHN HAVERFIELD, M.A., LL.D., F.S.A.

Camden Professor of Ancient History in the University of Oxford. Fellow of
Brasenose College. Fellow of the British Academy. Senior Censor, Student, Tutor Numantia.
and Librarian of Christ Church, Oxford, 1891-1907. Author of Monographs on
Roman History, especially Roman Britain; &c.

FRANCIS LLEWELLYN GRIFFITH, M.A., PH.D., F.S.A.

Reader in Egyptology, Oxford University. Editor of the Archaeological Survey and

Archaeological Reports of the Egypt Exploration Fund.

German Archaeological Institute.

Fellow of Imperial

Lecturer in Military History, Manchester University. Author of War and the

World's Policy; The Leipzig Campaign; The Jena Campaign; &c.

Author of South Africa from the Great Trek to the Union.

G. J. T.

G. K. G.

G. W. T.

H. A. G.

H. Ch.

H. D. T.

H. E

FREDERICK WILLIAM HASLUCK, M.A.

Obelisk.

Nassarawa;

Nigeria.

Napoleonic Campaigns:

Military.

{Natal (in part); Niger;
Nile (in part).

}

Assistant Director, British School of Archaeology, Athens. Fellow of King's Mysla.
College, Cambridge. Browne's Medallist, 1901.

FREDERICK WALKER MOTT, F.R.S., M.D., F.R.C.P.

Physician to Charing Cross Hospital, London. Pathologist to the London County
Asylums. Fullerian Professor of Physiology, Royal Institution. Editor of Archives
of Neurology.

REV. GEORGE Albert Cooke, M.A., D.D.

Oriel Professor of the Interpretation of Holy Scripture. University of Oxford.
Fellow of Oriel College; Canon of Rochester. Hon. Canon of St Mary's Cathedral,
Edinburgh. Formerly Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford.

GEORGE BALLARD MATHEWS, M.A., F.R.S.

Neuralgia; Neurasthenia;
Neuropathology.

Odaenathus.

Professor of Mathematics, University College of N. Wales, Bangor, 1884-1896. Number.
Formerly Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge.

GEORGE COLLINS LEVEY, C.M.G.

Member of Board of Advice to Agent-General for Victoria. Formerly Editor and
Proprietor of the Melbourne Herald. Secretary, Colonial Committee of Royal Com-
mission to Paris Exhibition, 1900. Secretary to Commissioners for Victoria at the
Exhibitions in London, Paris, Vienna, Philadelphia and Melbourne.

REV. GEORGE EDMUNDSON, M.A., F.R.HIST.S.

New South Wales: History

Formerly Fellow and Tutor of Brasenose College, Oxford. Ford's Lecturer, 1909-
1910. Employed by British Government in preparation of the British Case in the Netherlands.
British Guiana-Venezuelan and British Guiana-Brazilian Boundary Arbitrations.

GEORGE FRANCIS HILL, M.A.

Assistant in the Department of Coins, British Museum. Corresponding Member of
the German and Austrian Archaeological Institutes. Author of Coins of Ancient
Sicily; Historical Greek Coins; Historical Roman Coins; &c.

REV. GEORGE HERBERT Box, M.A.

Numismatics.

Rector of Sutton Sandy, Bedfordshire.. Lecturer in Faculty of Theology, Uni- Nahum.

versity of Oxford, 1908-1909. Author of Short Introduction to Literature of the Old

Testament; &c.

GEORGE HERBERT CARPENTER, B.Sc. (Lond.).

Professor of Zoology in the Royal College of Science, Dublin. Author of Insects: Neuroptera.

their Structure and Life.

Barrister-at-Law, Lincoln's Inn. Editor of Select Pleas of the Forests for the Selden Northampton, Assize of.

Society.

GROVE KARL GILBERT, LL.D.

Geologist, U.S. Geological Survey. President of the American Geological Society,
1892-1893 and 1909-1910. Formerly Special Lecturer at Cornell, Columbia and
Johns Hopkins Universities. Author of Glaciers and Glaciation; &c.

REV. GRIFFITHES WHEELER THATCHER, M.A., B.D.

Niagara.

Warden of Camden College, Sydney, N.S.W. Formerly Tutor in Hebrew and Old Nabigha Dhubyānī;
Testament History at Mansfield College, Oxford.

HERBERT APPOLD GRUEBER, F.S.A.

Keeper of Coins and Medals, British Museum. Treasurer of the Egypt Exploration

Fund. Vice-President of the Royal Numismatic Society. Author of Coins of the

Roman Republic; &c.

HUGH CHISHOLM, M.A.

Nawawi; Nosairis.

Numismatics (in part).

Formerly Scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Editor of the 11th edition of National Debt (in part);
the Encyclopaedia Britannica; Co-editor of the 10th edition.

H. DENNIS TAYLOR.

Newspapers.

Inventor of the Cooke Photographic Lenses. Author of A System of Applied Optics. { Objective.

KARL HERMANN ETHÉ, M.A., PH.D.

Professor of Oriental Languages, University College, Aberystwyth, (University of
Wales). Author of Catalogue of Persian Manuscripts in the India Office Library.
London (Clarendon Press); &c.

Näsir Khosrau;
Nizami.

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