...condemns, which proceeds upon inquiry, and renders judgment only after trial,' so 'that every citizen shall hold his life, liberty, property and immunities under...protection of the general rules Which govern society.' " "* Therefore acts of attainder,"3 bills of pains and penalties and similar legislation which would...

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...particular person or a particular case, but . . . "the general law . . ." so that "every citizen shall hold his life, liberty, property and immunities under...bills of pains 'and penalties, acts of confiscation and other similar special, partial and arbitrary exertions of power under the forms of legislation....

...of the land is most clearly intended the general law. . . . The meaning is, that every citizen shall hold his life, liberty, property, and immunities,...protection of the general rules which govern society." 136 His opinions in later cases, especially Duncan and Winship, made clear his view that due process...

...the lawmaking power of the states. The Court was left with the principle " 'that every citizen shall hold his life, liberty, property, and immunities,...protection of the general rules which govern society.' "131 "Those who make the laws," according to Thomas M. Cooley, were " 'to govern by promulgated, established...

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